Muskan Aggarwal， Fact Fanatic

Updated Dec 23， 2016

Muskan Aggarwal，真相狂热分子

2016-12-23日更新

Foot binding was the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth. The practice possibly originated among upper-class court dancers during the Five Dynasties and Ten kingdom periods in Imperial China (10th or 11th century)， then became popular during the Song Dynasty and eventually spread to all social classes.

缠足，它对年轻女孩的脚施加痛苦的紧绑，以防止进一步的生长。这种做法可能起源于五代十国时期的上层宫廷舞蹈者(10或11世纪)，后来在宋朝流行起来，并最终传播到所有的社会阶层。

Foot binding became popular as a means of displaying status (women from wealthy families， who did not need their feet to work， could afford to have them bound) and was correspondingly adopted as a symbol of beauty in Chinese culture. Its prence and practice however varied in different parts of the country. Feet altered by binding were called lotus feet.

缠足作为一种展示身份的方式变得流行起来(来自富裕家庭的女性，她们不需要脚来工作，可以缠的起)，并在中国文化中被作为美丽的象征。它的流行和做法全国各地各有不同。被绑着的脚被称为莲花脚。

The Manchu Kangxi Emperor tried to ban foot binding in 1664 but failed.

In the later part of the 19th century， Chinese reformers challenged the practice but it was not until the early 20th century that foot binding began to die out as a result of anti foot-binding campaigns. Foot-binding resulted in lifelong disabilities for most of its subjects， and a few elderly Chinese women still survive today with disabilities related to their bound feet.

1664年，满清康熙帝试图禁止裹脚，但失败了。

在19世纪后期，中国的改革者对这种做法提出了质疑，但直到20世纪初，缠足才由于反缠足运动的影响开始消亡。缠足使其大部分的人终生残疾，今天仍然有一些被缠足致残的年迈的中国妇女活着。

There are many suggestions for the origin of footbinding. 

1.One story relates that during the Shang dynasty， the concubine Daji， who was said to have clubfoot， asked the Emperor to make footbinding mandatory for all girls in court so that her own feet would be the standard of beauty and elegance.

2.Another story tells of a favorite courtesan of Emperor Xiao Baojuan， Pan Yu’er， who had delicate feet， dancing barefeet over a floor decorated with golden lotus flower design. The emperor expressed admiration and said that “lotus springs from her every step！” ， a reference to the Buddhist legend of Padmavati under whose feet lotus springs forth. This story may have given rise to the terms “golden lotus” or “lotus feet” used to describe bound feet， there is however no evidence that Pan Yu‘er ever bound her feet.

3.The general view is that the practice is likely to have originated from the time of Emperor Li Yu who created a six-foot tall golden lotus decorated with precious stones and pearls， and asked his concubine Yao Niang to bind her feet in white silk into the shape of the crescent moon， and performed a dance ballet-like on the points of her feet on the lotus.

Yao Niang’s dance was said to be so graceful that others sought to imitate her.

The binding of feet was then replicated by other upper-class women and the practice spread.

关于缠足的起源有许多说法。


1。有一个故事说，在商朝时期，宠妃妲己有一个畸形足，就要求王上将所有的宫女强制缠足，这样她自己的脚就成为美丽和优雅的标准。

2。另一个故事说，皇帝萧宝卷（译者注：字智藏，原名萧明贤，南齐的第六代皇帝，后封东昏侯；为齐明帝萧鸾第二子。萧宝卷也是被认为是中国历史上最为昏庸荒淫的皇帝之一。【源自维基百科】）的宠妃潘玉儿，有一双娇嫩的脚，在金色的莲花装饰的地板上赤足跳舞。皇帝十分欣赏并赞叹道“步步生莲！”，源自莲花生的佛教传说。这个故事也许就是为什么称裹足为“金莲”或者“莲花脚”的原因，但是没有证据证明潘玉儿曾经裹过脚。

3。一般的观点认为这种做法可能来源于皇帝李煜，他建造了一个用黄金雕刻的六英尺高的莲花，并用宝石和珍珠装饰，然后让他的宠妃窅娘用白帛裹足，裹成月亮的形状，用脚尖在莲花上跳一种类似芭蕾的舞蹈。

窅娘的舞蹈据说是如此的优雅以至于其他人争相效仿。

后来上层妇女都开始裹脚，这种做法开始流行开来。

In 1912， the new ‘Republic of China’ government banned foot binding (though not actively implemented)，and leading intellectuals of the May Fourth Movement saw footbinding as a major symbol of China‘s backwardness.

Local warlords such as Yan Xishan in Shanxi engaged in their own sustained campaign against footbinding with feet inspectors and fines for those who continued with the practice，and regional governments of the later Nanjing regime also enforced the ban.

The campaign against footbinding was very successful in some regions； in one province， a 1929 survey showed that while only 2.3% of girls born before 1910 had unbound feet， 95% of those born after were not bound.

In a region south of Beijing， Dingxian， where over 99% of women were once bound， no new cases were found among those born after 1919.

SOURCE：Wikipedia

1912年，“中华民国”政府开始禁止裹脚（但并没有积极落实），五四运动的知识分子领袖将裹脚视为中国落后的主要标志。

阎锡山等地方军阀也进行了自己的持续运动，对继续裹脚的人进行检查和罚款，后来的南京政权的地方政府也执行了这项禁令。

反对裹脚的运动在一些地区非常成功；在一个省，一个1929年的调查显示，在1910年前出生的女孩不裹脚率为2.3%，而之后出生的为95%。

在北京以南的一个地区，定县，有超过99%的妇女曾经裹脚，但1919年后再也没有出现过了。

Juzuo Zhang， Native Chinese， naive Chinese

Updated 7d ago

Juzuo Zhang（译者注：张局座？）中国土著

7天前更新

Ten facts you may not know about China.

1，President/Chairman of China is not the most powerful man in China.

2，Chinese consume the largest amount of vegetables per capita on the world.

3，China has the highest female labor participation rate.

4，Women don’t have to change their last names after marriage， and there is an increase in children having their mother’s last names recently in China.

5，PLA (People’s Liberation Army) has never lost a war since establishment.

6，Many traditional Chinese medicine (herbs) are proven to be toxic but still many Chinese take them.

7，知乎 - 发现更大的世界 is the only social website where the mainstream successfully predicted the victory of Donald Trump.

8，About 80 of the 100 highest bridges all over the world are built in China.

9，Every year， about 8 million students graduate from Chinese universities/colleges.

10，China is the biggest country within one single time zone (+8：00).

关于中国你可能不知道的10个事实。

1，中国主席并不是中国最有权力的人。

2，中国人均蔬菜消费量居世界首位。

3，中国女性劳动参与率最高。

4，妇女并不需要在结婚后冠夫姓，在中国最近越来越的孩子开始随母姓。

5，PLA（人民解放军）自建军以来从没有输过一场战争。

6，许多中药被证明是有毒的，但仍有许多中国人服用。

7，知乎 - 发现更大的世界是唯一一个成功预测唐纳德·特朗普获胜的社交网站。

8，全世界100座最高的桥梁差不多有80座在中国。

9，每年有800万学生从中国的大学/学院毕业。

10，中国是只用一个时区的最大的国家。

Thanks for the upvotes， here I would give something more.

Update：

11. McDonald‘s and KFC are the largest public toilet providers in Chinese cities.

12. China has about 50 million christens but still no diplomatic relationship with Vatican.

13. Regularly， the government would purchase cereal and meat and store them in case of possible war or disaster. However， they cannot be stored permanently. So The old storage are distributed to the army for emergency use. As a result， some Chinese may find pork that is over 40 years old in their meals.

14. Most of Chinese cheaters are from a province called Taiwan.

15. Prostitution is conditionally legal in Hong Kong， gambling is conditionally allowed in Aomen (Macau)， but neither of them are allowed in Mainland China.

16. Status of females is greatly relied on social status. Many families get their newly born daughter drown (of course it’s illegal and decreasing)， while over two thirds of female billionaires of the world are Chinese.

17. Due to the Opium War in 1840， Chinese have extremely negative attitude and strict laws towards drugs. So please never take drugs with you while entering China.

18. If you have read 17th but still want to try， I suggest you google Akmal Shaikh first.

19. China has no official alliance.

20. The outside appearance of large equipment (like battleship) is not confidential， and the military units would irregularly hold open-visits. So it’s possible that you can step on the deck of a Chinese aircraft carrier and take photos- even if you are not a Chinese citizen.

谢谢你的支持，在这里我会给出更多的东西。

更新：

11，麦当劳和肯德基是中国城市中最大的公共厕所提供者。

12，中国有大约5000万名基督教徒，但与梵蒂冈仍然没有外交关系。

13，通常，政府会购买谷物和肉类，并存储起来以应对可能的战争和灾害。但是，他们不能永久存储。所以旧的储存被分配给军队以备紧急使用。因此，一些中国人可能会在发现超过40年的猪肉。

14，大部分中国的骗子都来自台湾省。

15，卖淫在香港是有条件的合法的，赌博在澳门也是有条件的允许的，但他们在中国大陆是不允许的。

16，女性的地位很大程度上依赖于社会地位。很多家庭都把他们刚出生的女儿溺死了(当然这是非法的和正在减少的)，而世界女性亿万富翁中超过三分之二是中国人。

17，由于1840年鸦片战争，中国人对毒品有着极其抵制的态度和严格的法律。所以，在进入中国的时候，千万不要随身携带毒品。

18，如果你已经读了第17条还想尝试的话，我建议你搜索一下什肯·阿克毛。

19，中国没有正式的同盟。

20，大型装备(如战舰)的外观并不是机密，军队将不定期举行公开展示。因此，你可以登上中国航空母舰的甲板并拍照——即使你不是中国公民。

Ketan Ramteke， Coder. Marvel-DC fanboy.

Answered Wed

Ketan Ramteke， 码农，漫威影迷

星期三回答

Doesn‘t matter if the project is small or humongous， if Chinese leadership set their eyes on it they finish it.

不管项目大小，如果中国想完成，他们就会完成它。

China， also known as the factory of the world is a leader when it comes to manufacturing of many products， ballpoint pen is one of them.

They produce 38 billion pens annually！ That’s more than 80% of global pen production！ Impressive， isn‘t it？

中国，也被称为世界工厂，是很多产品制作业的领导者，圆珠笔就是其中之一。

他们每年生产38亿支笔！这是全球笔产量的80%以上！难以置信，是吧？

But that is not good enough for the Chinese leadership. In 2012， Premier Li Keqiang used a pen which was Made in China， he noticed that it was not as smooth as some other pens. When inquired he got to know that the Tip of the pen was Made in China. Even though China was producing billions of pens they were unable to make Tip of the pen which was of high quality. Because of that Chinese manufacturer needed to import pen Tips from overseas which government didn’t like. So they decided to develop the pen Tips which will be as good as their global counterpart， though import bill was not huge still they saw it as a matter of pride for a nation which calls itself a leader in manufacturing.

Developing Tip turned out to be rather difficult and long task but in 2017 they finally did it.

但对中国来说，这还不够。2012年，李总理使用了一个中国制造的笔，他注意到这只笔用起来没有其他的那么平滑。询问之后他知道这只笔的笔头是中国制造的。即使中国制造了数以亿计的笔，他们却不能制造高质量的笔头。因此中国制造商需要从海外进口笔头，政府不喜欢这样。所以他们决定开发出与全球同类产品一样好的笔头，尽管进口规模并不大，但他们认为，对于一个自称制造业领袖的国家来说，这是一件值得骄傲的事。

发展笔头技术被证明是一个相当困难和长期的任务，但在2017年他们终于做到了。

It took state-owned Taiyuan Iron & Steel Group (TISCO) 5 years to perfect the art of making pen Tips. It was a huge victory for Chinese manufacturing might. Now Chinese are able to manufacture ballpoint pens which are 100% Made in China.

Here in our country， we feel happy when we see that Made in India tag on our mobile phone but almost everything right from the circuit board， screens to even body is imported here and then after assembling it is sold as a Made in India phone with that make in India lion logo. Actual value addition is extremely low in this case.

If our govt is really serious about making India a global manufacturing powerhouse then it should definitely try to learn a thing or two from a big brainy neighbour of ours.

这花了国有的太原钢铁集团（TISCO）五年的时间完善制造笔头的工艺。这对中国制造业来说是一个巨大的胜利。现在中国可以制造出100%中国制造的圆珠笔。

在我们的国家，当我们看到自己手机上的印度制造标签时会感到高兴，但是所有的东西，从电路板到屏幕，甚至机身都是进口的，只是在这里组装后贴上印度制造的狮子标签后来卖。在这种情况下，实际的附加值非常低。

如果我们的政府真的想让印度成为一个全球制造业大国，那么它绝对应该尝试从我们这个聪明的大邻居那里学些东西。